Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of ginsenoside Rh_2 caprylic acid monoester / 中国中药杂志

Ginsenoside Rh_2,firstly isolated from red ginseng,is protopanaxadiol type of steroidal saponin. Rh_2 possessed variety of activities,but bioavailability of oral administration Rh_2 was extremely low due to poor absorption. Moreover,ginsenoside Rh_2 exhibited toxicity on human normal cells. Therefore,to improve stronger anti-tumor activity and attenuate toxicity,it was essential to design and optimize chemical structure of ginsenoside Rh_2. Through n-octanoylchloride modifications,a novel ester derivative of ginsenoside Rh_2 named caprylic acid monoester of Rh_2( C-Rh_2) was designed and synthesized. Structure of novel ginsenoside derivative was identified by1 D and 2 D NMR,as well as ESI-MS analyses. Anti-tumor effect of C-Rh_2 was tested on H22 tumor bearing mice. C-Rh_2 displayed certain anti-tumor activities and exhibited less toxicity than Rh_2. In the present study,C-Rh_2 as ester form of ginsenoside Rh_2 showed better anti-tumor activity and less toxicity,but the specific mechanism needs further investigation.

Diagnostic value of Cytomegalovirus DNA real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction in different body fluids for Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent infants / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To investigate the value of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) DNA real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in different body fluids for diagnosing CMV pneumonia in immunocompetent infants.@*Methods@#The clinical data of immunocompetent infants with CMV pneumonia who were treated in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Women and Children′s Hospital from January 1st, 2016 to February 5th, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data included CMV DNA load of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF); blood immunoglobulin(Ig)M CMV, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), X-ray and CT test of chest, combined infection, clinical manifestation and treatment.@*Results@#Nine hundred and twenty-six infants received bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscope, and 34 cases were diagnosed as immunocompetent with CMV pneumonia.The infants with CMV pneumonia: the positive percentage of urine CMV DNA, blood CMV DNA, blood IgM CMV and ALT elevation were 100.0%(34/34 cases), 61.8%(21/34 cases), 52.9%(18/34 cases) and 20.6%(7/34 cases), respectively.There was no difference in positive percentage between blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV (χ2=0.5, P>0.05). Both the positive percentages of blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV were lower than those in the urine CMV DNA, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=16.1, 20.9, all P<0.05). The positive percentages of ALT elevation were lower than those in the positive percentage of urine CMV DNA, blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=44.8, 11.9, 7.7, all P<0.05). Ten patients′ CSF CMV DNA were tested, and they were all negative.The median load of CMV DNA in BALF, urine and blood was 170.0×105 copies/L, 130.0×105 copies/L and 6.0×105 copies/L.There was no difference in median load between BALF and urine (U=561, P>0.05). BALF CMV DNA load and blood CMV DNA load had a weak positive correlation (r=0.35, P<0.05), BALF CMV DNA load and age had a negative correlation (r=-0.42, P<0.05), and urine CMV DNA load and blood CMV DNA load had a positive correlation (r=0.52, P<0.05). No matter whether blood IgM CMV was positive, BALF CMV DNA load had no differences (U=92, P>0.05). The main radiographic signs were pulmonary interstitial lesions.Thirty-four immunocompetent infants with CMV pneumonia, 18 patients (52.9%) with symptoms lasted for over 2 weeks, 20 patients (58.8%) had complicated infections.They all received inductive treatment of Ganciclovir, 55.9%(19/34 cases) patients′ urine CMV DNA turned to be negative.When patients got combined infections by bacteria or mycoplasma, antibiotics were used.All discharged patients had symptoms relieved and signs improved.@*Conclusions@#BALF RT-PCR is instant, sensitive and distinctive method to diagnose CMV pneumonia.Urine RT-PCR gets specimens conveniently and safely, its positive percentage and DNA load are present well according to BALF, and is suitable for screening and monitoring CMV infection.Blood CMV DNA load and blood IgM CMV indicate viral dissemination and immunocompetence, but it is not recommended for diagnosing CMV pneumonia solely.

Diagnostic value of Cytomegalovirus DNA real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction in different body fluids for Cytomegalovirus pneumonia in immunocompetent infants / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the value of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) DNA real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in different body fluids for diagnosing CMV pneumonia in immunocompetent infants.Methods The clinical data of immunocompetent infants with CMV pneumonia who were treated in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital from January 1st,2016 to February 5th,2018 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data included CMV DNA load of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF),urine,blood and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF);blood immunoglobulin(Ig) M CMV,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),X-ray and CT test of chest,combined infection,clinical manifestation and treatment.Results Nine hundred and twenty-six infants received bronchoalveolar lavage by bronchoscope,and 34 cases were diagnosed as immunocompetent with CMV pneumonia.The infants with CMV pneumonia:the positive percentage of urine CMV DNA,blood CMV DNA,blood IgM CMV and ALT elevation were 100.0％ (34/34 cases),61.8％ (21/34 cases),52.9％ (18/34 cases) and 20.6％ (7/34 cases),respectively.There was no difference in positive percentage between blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV (x2 =0.5,P ＞ 0.05).Both the positive percentages of blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV were lower than those in the urine CMV DNA,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =16.1,20.9,all P ＜0.05).The positive percentages of ALT elevation were lower than those in the positive percentage of urine CMV DNA,blood CMV DNA and blood IgM CMV,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =44.8,11.9,7.7,all P ＜ 0.05).Ten patients' CSF CMV DNA were tested,and they were all negative.The median load of CMV DNA in BALF,urine and blood was 170.0 × 105 copies/L,130.0 x 105 copies/L and 6.0 x 105 copies/L.There was no difference in median load between BALF and urine (U =561,P ＞ 0.05).BALF CMV DNA load and blood CMV DNA load had a weak positive correlation (r =0.35,P ＜ 0.05),BALF CMV DNA load and age had a negative correlation (r =-0.42,P ＜ 0.05),and urine CMV DNA load and blood CMV DNA load had a positive correlation (r =0.52,P ＜ 0.05).No matter whether blood IgM CMV was positive,BALF CMV DNA load had no differences (U =92,P ＞ 0.05).The main radiographic signs were pulmonary interstitial lesions.Thirty-four immunocompetent infants with CMV pneumonia,18 patients (52.9％) with symptoms lasted for over 2 weeks,20 patients (58.8％) had complicated infections.They all received inductive treatment of Ganciclovir,55.9％ (19/34 cases) patients' urine CMV DNA turned to be negative.When patients got combined infections by bacteria or mycoplasma,antibiotics were used.All discharged patients had symptoms relieved and signs improved.Conclusions BALF RT-PCR is instant,sensitive and distinctive method to diagnose CMV pneumonia.Urine RT-PCR gets specimens conveniently and safely,its positive percentage and DNA load are present well according to BALF,and is suitable for screening and monitoring CMV infection.Blood CMV DNA load and blood IgM CMV indicate viral dissemination and immunocompetence,but it is not recommended for diagnosing CMV pneumonia solely.

Comparative analysis of ginsenosides from red ginseng / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd from main root and root hair of red ginseng of different specifications.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Ultrasonical extraction and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography were applied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The total contents of six ginsenosides from main root 15 roots (percent 500 g), 20 roots, 30 roots and root hair are 1.21%, 1.46%, 1.54% and 8.16%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results showed that the bigger the volume of ginseng root, the less the content of ginsenoside.</p>

Phytochemical and pharmacological research progress in Tussilago farfara / 中国中药杂志

Tussilago farfara contained the chemical constitutents including terpenes, flavonoids, and alkanoids. It has been used for the relief of coughs and as an expectorant, blood pressure raiser, platelet activating factor inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agents. This paper reviewed the phytochemical and pharmacological research progress in T. farfara, including the chemical ingredients, the pharmaceutical activities and the security evaluation aiming at its toxicity. The problems at present and the reseach direction for the future on T. farfara have been put forward.

Clinical features and surgery in children with plastic bronchitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the clinical features and therapeutic experience in children with plastic bronchitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourteen children with plastic bronchitis were reviewed retrospectively, 12 of which were under two years old. The clinical features are characterized by sudden onset, episodes of profound hypoxia and respiratory tract obstruction. SaO2 was between 0.70 and 0.80 even with mask oxygen inhalation. Eight cases were pyretic, 4 cases expectorated jel-like bronchial casts. The chest X-ray picture showed patchy consolidation or atelectasis unilaterally (10 cases) or bilaterally (2 cases). Pulmonary marking thickening and patchy shadow were observed in 2 cases. Twelve cases underwent rigid bronchoscopy and the bronchial casts were removed. Two cases underwent endotracheal intubation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight cases of 12 children received therapeutic bronchoscopy were cured. Other 4 cases had second therapeutic bronchoscopy and bronchial casts were removed again in 3 cases, one died from pulmonary hemorrhage. Two cases who underwent endotracheal intubation died from the multiple organ failure (MOF). Pathologic results showed:the bronchial casts were composed mainly of mucus and fibrin, inflammatory cell infiltrate were observed in 6 cases (Type 1, inflammatory), no cellular infiltrate occurred in 8 cases (Type 2, acellular).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Plastic bronchitis is a severe and dangerous disease. The branching plastic casts may obstruct part or the entire tracheobronchial, causing respiratory failure. Bronchoscopy and pathologic examination are essential for it's diagnosis and treatment.</p>